儿童牙科治疗行为表现及治疗方法

目的：探讨门诊不同年龄组牙病患儿行为表现及治疗方法的差异以便导临床工作。方法：对994名1－12岁牙病患儿按不同年龄分组，根据其行为表现采取相应治疗方法，并通过剖析患儿，家长，医护人员在牙科治疗中的三角关系得出儿童牙病顺利治疗的影响因素。结果：患儿在接受治疗时，其行为表现有较大的年龄差异。婴儿期以不合作型居多，学龄期以合作型居多，学前期居中，对接受治疗的儿童所采取的方法之不同也有明显的年龄差异。婴儿期以强制法为主；学前期以常规法为主，但诱导法及威吓法是治疗不合作患儿的主要手段，学龄期以常规法为主，对不合作患儿多采用诱导法，威吓法及强制法很少应用。在治疗时婴儿期患儿多需家长陪伴，学前期及学龄期患儿可独立完成治疗。结论：年龄是决定患儿临床行为表现及采用何种治疗方法的重要因素。治疗程序链有闪指导临床工作。     

Personality and oral health

We investigated age-26 personality characteristics and age-32 oral health in a prospective study of a complete birth cohort born in Dunedin, New Zealand. Personality was measured using the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ). Oral health was measured using the short-form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), a global measure, and dental examinations. Personality profiles were constructed for 916 individuals (50.8% men) using standardized MPQ scores, and multivariate analyses examined their association with oral health. Those reporting 1+ OHIP-14 impacts had higher Negative Emotionality scores (and lower Constraint and Positive Emotionality MPQ superfactor scores) than those who did not. After controlling for gender, clinical status, and the other two MPQ superfactors, those scoring higher on Negative Emotionality had a greater risk of reporting 1+ OHIP-14 impacts, as well as 3+ OHIP-14 impacts and worse-than-average oral health. They also had a greater risk of having lost at least one tooth from caries and of having 3+ decayed surfaces. Personality characteristics appear to shape self-reports of oral health. Personality is also a risk factor for clinical disease status, at least with respect to dental caries and its sequelae. Because the attitudes and values tapped into by personality tests can be altered by brief cognitive interventions, those might be useful in preventive dentistry.     

60例老年颌面外伤患者的心理特点及疏导

目的:了解颌面外伤老年患者的心理特点,提出相应的心理疏导对策。方法:选择60例老年颌面外伤住院患者,通过临床观察和语言交流,了解他们不同的心理状态,采取相应的心理疏导措施,观察对老年患者医疗活动所起的意义。结果:通过对老年颌面外伤患者心理状态的了解,使用相应的心理疏导对策,对患者的医疗过程和治疗效果可以起到积极的作用。结论:对老年颌面外伤患者除了积极的医疗救助外,还应进行适当的心理疏导。     

负压治疗联合盆底肌训练对前列腺癌根治术后患者控尿功能及性功能的影响

目的探讨负压治疗联合盆底肌训练对前列腺癌根治术后患者控尿功能及主观幸福感的影响。 方法将中山大学附属第三医院2016年10月至2019年4月泌尿外科确诊为前列腺癌并行腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术治疗的70例患者,按随机数字表法分为干预组和对照组各35例,其中对照组35例采用常规护理（盆底肌功能锻炼）,干预组35例在常规护理基础上,术后6周起再增加负压治疗。比较对照组和干预组术后6周、10周、18周控尿功能恢复情况,同时进行国际勃起功能评分表（IIEF-5）评分及主观幸福感调查,观察其治疗效果。 结果干预组术后6周、10周、18周尿失禁评分中位值分别2分、1分与0分,低于对照组的2分、2分与2分,提示干预组术后平均控尿功能恢复时间较对照组短,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;此外干预组相比对照组,IIEF-5评分及主观幸福感评分上升速度较快,提示干预组术后勃起功能和生活质量改善情况明显优于对照组。 结论负压治疗联合盆底肌训练对前列腺癌根治术后患者的控尿功能和性功能有明显改善,且缩短其恢复时间。     

产后应用乳杆菌活菌对阴道微环境改善及减少产后性生活疼痛的临床效果观察

目的:观察产后应用乳杆菌活菌对阴道微环境改善及减少产后性生活疼痛的临床效果。方法:临床纳入2014年1月至2015年1月于我院分娩的顺产产后妇女120例,根据产后有无应用乳杆菌活菌胶囊分为研究组与对照组。研究组给予乳杆菌活菌胶囊纳阴,对照组未使用乳杆菌活菌胶囊。观察两组患者用药前后阴道p H值、阴道炎患病率以及性生活疼痛情况等。结果:治疗前,两组患者p H值差异无显著性(P>0.05)。治疗后,研究组p H值为(4.40±0.66),对照组p H值为(5.69±0.70),差异有显著性(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组滴虫性阴道炎、细菌性阴道炎、外阴假丝酵母菌病患病率分别为3.33%、0.00%、3.33%,对照组分别为5.00%、16.67%、6.67%。两组细菌性阴道炎患病率差异有显著性(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度性生活疼痛发生率分别为63.33%、18.33%、16.67%、6.67%,对照组分别为36.67%、31.67%、20.00%、11.67%。两组I度性生活疼痛发生率差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:产后应用乳杆菌活菌胶囊纳阴能够显著降低阴道内p H值,改善阴道微环境降低细菌性阴道炎的发生。另外,其还能够有效减少产后性生活的疼痛。     

结构式心理干预对颜面创伤整形患者预后效果影响

目的:探究结构式心理干预对颜面创伤整形患者的预后效果影响。方法:选取笔者医院收治的颜面创伤整形患者84例,随机分为对照组和观察组,两组患者均进行外科整形术,术后予以抗感染、镇痛等常规护理,观察组在此基础上予以结构式心理干预。观察并比较两组患者创面愈合时间、瘢痕评分、心理情况及护理满意度。结果:观察组患者创口愈合时间、瘢痕色泽、血管分布评分分别为(6.17±0.91)d、(1.03±0.31)分和(0.21±0.08)分,均明显低于对照组[(8.13±1.02)d、(1.43±0.55)分和(0.32±0.12)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组护理总满意度为95.24%,明显高于对照组(78.57%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理干预后,两组患者汉密尔顿焦虑评分(Hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁评分(Hamilton depression scale,HAMD)均降低,观察组明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:颜面创伤整形患者在常规护理基础上,增加结构式心理干预,更有利患者术后创面的恢复,降低瘢痕评分,改善患者心理状态。     

How does anxiety sensitivity increase risk of chronic medical conditions?

Anxiety sensitivity (AS; fear of anxiety‐related symptoms) is an established transdiagnostic risk factor for psychiatric disorders and is related to a variety of chronic medical conditions. However, AS has not been established as a risk factor for chronic medical conditions. In this study, we review studies on AS and chronic medical conditions (and symptoms/behaviors related to chronic medical conditions) and propose four pathways through which AS may increase risk of chronic medical conditions: (a) increasing fear of medical condition‐specific symptoms, (b) perpetuating avoidance of healthy activities, (c) promoting engagement in unhealthy behaviors, and (d) increasing risk of detrimental pathophysiological and pathomechanical alterations. We also discuss the potential utility of using AS reduction interventions as a means of reducing risk of chronic medical conditions.     

Educated and At-Risk: How the Shortage of Available Partners Influences HIV Risk for College-Educated African-American Women

Background

African-Americans have the greatest gender-ratio imbalance compared to other racial groups in the United States. This has been associated with higher rates of concurrent sexual partnerships, increasing risk of HIV infection. College-educated African-American women are of particular interest as they are not often represented in studies on HIV prevention, while their dating and sexual negotiation patterns may differ from those of their lower-educated and lower-income counterparts more often the subject of study in HIV research among African-Americans.

在线积极心理干预策略及其应用研究(综述)

在线积极心理干预(OPPI)是基于积极心理学理论与实践开展的、以积极活动为依托、以在线技术为载体,旨在提升人们幸福感和优势的干预。从干预策略上看,包括提升积极情绪、挖掘个性优势、改善积极关系和实施综合干预的策略。未来研究需要探索并拓展OPPI的理论基础,降低脱落率并寻求个体-活动-技术之间的良好匹配,发展较强实效性的干预方案,以提升OPPI干预效果。